tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2501594490170750352024-03-12T19:15:22.972-07:00Olah Data StatistikTutorial | Olah Data Statistik | Menggunakan | SPSS | Lisrel | Microsoft Office ExcelUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger23125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-75405191832968463272015-06-24T19:20:00.002-07:002015-06-24T19:23:04.578-07:00Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2012/08/regresi-berganda-uji-f-uji-t-dan.html" target="_blank">Regresi Linear Berganda</a>
merupakan salah satu teknik analisis data yang sering digunakan oleh seorang
peneliti yang menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian yang
menggunakan Regresi Linear Berganda seringkali menggunakan judul dengan kata
“Pengaruh” di depannya.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sebagai contoh,
“Pengaruh Periklanan dan Personal Selling Terhadap Volume Penjualan Perusahaan
X”. Secara sekilas, kita bisa bahwa penelitian dengan judu tersebut menggunkan
Regresi Linear Berganda. Namun, yang perlu diingat, bahwa tidak semua judul
penelitian yang menggunakan kata “pengaruh” selalu menggunakan Regresi Linear
Berganda.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Regresi Linear Berganda
dinotasikan dalam persamaan berikut ini:</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="color: red;">Y = a + b1.X1 + b2.X2 … + bn.Xn</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Keterangan:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Y = Variabel terikat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">X1 dan X2 = Variabel
bebas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">a = intersep</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">b1, b2 dan bn = konstanta</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Banyaknya X tergantung
dari jumlah variabel bebeas yang digunakan, yang secara teori, seorang peneliti
boleh menggunakan variabel bebas sebanyak-banyaknya. Namun, dalam praktiknya
apabila variabel bebas yang digunakan lebih dari 7, hasil regresi linear
berganda akan bias. Sehingga apabila anda melakukan penelitian dengan variabel
bebas lebih dari 7, sebaiknya tidak menggunakan regresi linear berganda.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dalam olah data
penelitian, kita tidak perlu menghitung persamaan regresi linear bergandanya
secara manual, karena sudah ada banyak software yang bisa digunakan untuk
analisis data, salah satunya adalah SPSS. Dalam artikel ini kita menggunakan
software IBM SPSS 21. Namun, cara ini juga bisa dipraktikkan untuk SPSS versi
sebelumnya: 20, 19, bahkan 16 dan 17.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Okay, langsung saja,
berikut langkah-langkahnya:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kita melanjutkan contoh di artikel sebelumnya
“Langkah Mencari Sumbangan Efektif Regresi (R Square / Adjusted R Square)
dengan IBM SPSS 21”. Dalam artikel tersebut data yang digunakan adalah sebagai
berikut:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 3.5pt;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 3.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">No</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Periklanan (X1)</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>Personal Selling </i>(X2)</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Volume Penjualan (Y)</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">29</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">22</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">31</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">24</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">19</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">26</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">28</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">29</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">26</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">22</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">17</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">26</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">31</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">36</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">9</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">31</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">10</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">28</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">36</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">11</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">12</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">28</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">36</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">13</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">17</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">24</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">14</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">15</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">24</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">26</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">16</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">17</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">20</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">29</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">19</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">24</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">20</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">30</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">36</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Langkah pertama adalah input data tersebut ke
dalam lembar kerja SPSS 21 atau SPSS versi lain (kami asumsikan anda sudah bisa
melakukan input data ke dalam lembar kerja SPSS).</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2. Langkah Kedua adalah Klik Analyze -->
Regression --> Linear…</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7astkyWU8mM/VXZWX3QDSHI/AAAAAAAACiE/MlI206kzzVY/s1600/SE%2B1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7astkyWU8mM/VXZWX3QDSHI/AAAAAAAACiE/MlI206kzzVY/s1600/SE%2B1.png" title="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.
Setelah itu akan muncul window baru, kemudian masukkan variabel Y (Volume
Penjualan ke dalam kotak ‘Dependent’ dan variabel X1 dan X2 (Periklanan dan <i>Personal Selling</i>) ke dalam kotak
‘Independent’</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KRsxwJZ0O3Q/VXZWkHOtoxI/AAAAAAAACiQ/tC1Lbz-wfbg/s1600/SE%2B2.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" border="0" height="274" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KRsxwJZ0O3Q/VXZWkHOtoxI/AAAAAAAACiQ/tC1Lbz-wfbg/s400/SE%2B2.PNG" title="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4. Klik ‘OK’ untuk Mengakhiri</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-prxRJLdE2RU/VXZWkYY_k5I/AAAAAAAACiU/hTPnvRpaWP0/s1600/SE%2B3.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" border="0" height="306" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-prxRJLdE2RU/VXZWkYY_k5I/AAAAAAAACiU/hTPnvRpaWP0/s400/SE%2B3.PNG" title="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5. Akan Muncul Output Seperti di Bawah ini, yang
Digunakan Hanya ‘Coefficients’</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mA_kD9yR6Xc/VYtkchj-6gI/AAAAAAAACo8/U1d26pILF6w/s1600/2.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" border="0" height="203" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mA_kD9yR6Xc/VYtkchj-6gI/AAAAAAAACo8/U1d26pILF6w/s400/2.PNG" title="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6. Interpretasi</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fxUbP2Yp_WI/VYtk1Ye0rgI/AAAAAAAACpE/aTBiqphNhPk/s1600/3.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" border="0" height="113" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fxUbP2Yp_WI/VYtk1Ye0rgI/AAAAAAAACpE/aTBiqphNhPk/s400/3.PNG" title="Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Terdapat beberapa kolom
dalam tabel Coefficients di atas. Yang perlu anda perhatikan ketika akan
mencari persamaan regresi linear bergandanya adalah kolom ‘B’. Dalam kolom B
tersebut nilai (Constant) adalah 6,428; Periklanan (0,142) dan Personal Selling
(0,852).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Constant merupakan
konstanta persamaan regresi atau dikenal juga dengan nama Intersep. Sedangkan
0,142 dan 0,852 berturut-turut adalah konstanta untuk X1 dan X2. Sehingga
apabila dituliskan, persamaan regresi linear berganda dari contoh penelitian tadi
adalah:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Y = 6,428 + 0,142X1 + 0,852X2</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Interpretasi dari
persamaan regresi tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Konstanta / intersep
sebesar 6,428 secara matematis menyatakan bahwa jika nilai variabel bebas X1
dan X1 sama dengan nol maka nilai Y adalah 6,428. Dalam kata lain bahwa nilai
volume penjualan perusahaan X tanpa periklanan dan personal selling adalah
6,428 unit.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Koefisien regresi
variabel perencanaan realisasi produk (X1) sebesar 0,142 artinya bahwa
peningkatan satu unit variabel periklanan dengan asumsi variabel bebas lain
konstan akan menyebabkan kenaikan volume penjualan sebesar 0,142 unit.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Koefisien regresi
variabel perencanaan realisasi produk (X2) sebesar 0,852 artinya bahwa
peningkatan satu unit variabel personal selling dengan asumsi variabel bebas
lain konstan akan menyebabkan kenaikan volume penjualan sebesar 0,852 unit.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Demikian artikel ‘<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/06/langkah-mencari-persamaan-regresi.html"><b>Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21</b></a>’ kami buat,
semoga bisa bermanfaat untuk anda semua.</span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-10129600617882125202015-06-08T20:03:00.003-07:002015-06-08T20:05:08.108-07:00Langkah Mencari Sumbangan Efektif Regresi (R Square / Adjusted R Square) dengan IBM SPSS 21<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sebagai pendahuluan, kami sedikit memberikan
penjelasan tentang sumbangan efektif regresi. Sumbangan efektif sebuah regresi
linear, baik itu sederhana maupun ganda, digunakan untuk melihat seberapa besar
kontribusi (pengaruh) variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Contoh:</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Misalkan, sebuah penelitian dengan variabel bebas
periklanan (X1) dan <i>personal selling</i> (X2) dan variabel terikatnya adalah volume
penjualan (Y) mempunyai sumbangan efektif sebesar 0,436.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Interpretasinya adalah bahwa variabel periklanan dan
<i>personal selling</i> dapat mempengaruhi volume penjualan hingga 43,6% (0,436 x
100), sedangkan sisanya (100 – 43,6 = 56,4%) dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain di
luar penelitian.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bagaimana Cara Menentukan Besarnya Sumbangan Efektif
Regresi Linear?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Besarnya sumbangan efektif tersebut dilihat dari
nilai R Square atau Adjusted R Square. Mengapa ada dua pilihan? Begini kriteria
penentuannya:</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Apabila teknik analisis datanya hanya terdiri dari
satu sampai dua variabel bebas, kita menggunakan R Square, tetapi apabila
jumlah variabel bebasnya lebih dari 2 (dua) maka lebih baik menggunakan
Adjusted R Square yang nilainya selalu lebih kecil dari R Square (Totalia &
Hindrayani, 2013).</span></span></b></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bagaimana Cara Mencari Nilai R Square dan Adjusted R
Square dengan SPSS?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Berikut kami tampilkan langkah-langkah mencari nilai
R Square dan Adjusted R Square dengan menggunakan <i>software</i> IBM SPSS 21. Seperti yang selalu kami katakan, bahwa meskipun
kita di sini menggunakan <i>software</i> IBM
SPSS 21, tetapi langkah-langkah yang kami tampilkan dalam artikel ini bisa juga
diterapkan di <i>software</i> IBM SPSS versi
sebelumnya (20, 19, bahkan 16 dan 17).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Okay, langsung saja, berikut langkah-langkahnya:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kita melanjutkan contoh di atas, misalkan kita
melakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh periklanan dan <i>personal selling</i> terhadap volume penjualan perusahaan maju jaya.
Data yang diperoleh sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">No</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Periklanan (X1)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>Personal Selling </i>(X2)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Volume Penjualan (Y)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">29</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">22</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">31</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">24</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">19</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">26</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">28</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">29</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">26</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">22</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">17</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">26</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">31</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">36</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">9</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">31</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">10</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">28</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">36</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">11</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">12</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">28</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">36</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">13</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">17</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">24</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">14</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">15</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 81.25pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">24</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">21</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">26</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">16</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">17</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">25</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">20</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">27</span></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">29</span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 15pt;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 39pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">19</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">24</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">20</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">32</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">30</span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">36</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Langkah pertama adalah input data tersebut ke
dalam lembar kerja SPSS 21 (kami asumsikan anda sudah bisa melakukan input data
ke dalam lembar kerja SPSS)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2. Langkah Kedua adalah Klik Analyze -->
Regression --> Linear…</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7astkyWU8mM/VXZWX3QDSHI/AAAAAAAACiE/MlI206kzzVY/s1600/SE%2B1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7astkyWU8mM/VXZWX3QDSHI/AAAAAAAACiE/MlI206kzzVY/s400/SE%2B1.png" width="370" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.
Setelah itu akan muncul window baru, kemudian masukkan variabel Y (Volume
Penjualan ke dalam kotak ‘Dependent’ dan variabel X1 dan X2 (Periklanan dan <i>Personal Selling</i>) ke dalam kotak
‘Independent’</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KRsxwJZ0O3Q/VXZWkHOtoxI/AAAAAAAACiQ/tC1Lbz-wfbg/s1600/SE%2B2.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KRsxwJZ0O3Q/VXZWkHOtoxI/AAAAAAAACiQ/tC1Lbz-wfbg/s400/SE%2B2.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4. Klik ‘OK’ untuk Mengakhiri</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-prxRJLdE2RU/VXZWkYY_k5I/AAAAAAAACiU/hTPnvRpaWP0/s1600/SE%2B3.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="306" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-prxRJLdE2RU/VXZWkYY_k5I/AAAAAAAACiU/hTPnvRpaWP0/s400/SE%2B3.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5. Akan Muncul Output Seperti di Bawah ini, yang Digunakan
Hanya ‘Model Summary’</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VjQ8oCvUclw/VXZWkcldJOI/AAAAAAAACic/VN8SC_8A92s/s1600/SE%2B4.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="172" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VjQ8oCvUclw/VXZWkcldJOI/AAAAAAAACic/VN8SC_8A92s/s320/SE%2B4.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6. Interpretasi</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FRRF5JEaWZY/VXZXTN7d8mI/AAAAAAAACik/bri90XisFzk/s1600/SE%2B5.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="103" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FRRF5JEaWZY/VXZXTN7d8mI/AAAAAAAACik/bri90XisFzk/s400/SE%2B5.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Di dalam Tabel Model Summary akan langsung muncul
nilai R Square dan Adjusted R Square, kita tinggal memilih mana yang akan
digunakan berdasarkan ketentuan yang telah kami jelaskan di atas.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Karena kita hanya menggunakan 2 variabel bebas
(periklanan dan <i>personal selling</i>) maka yang digunakan adalah R Square yaitu
sebesar 0,847 atau 84,7%.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa besarnya
pengaruh variabel periklanan dan <i>personal
selling</i> terhadap volume penjualan adalah 84,7% sedangkan sisanya (15,3%) dipengaruhi
oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Demikian sedikit tutorial tentang mencari nilai
sumbangan efektif regresi dengan IBM SPSS 21, selamat mencoba dan semoga
bermanfaat.</span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-68554235470359230932015-05-03T19:29:00.004-07:002015-06-07T23:22:32.920-07:00Langkah Uji Independent Samples T-Test Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pada
artikel sebelumnya, kita telah membahas <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/04/beberapa-syarat-yang-harus-dipenuhi.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">beberapa persyaratan sebelum melakukan Uji Independent Samples T-Test</span></a>, artikelnya bisa dilihat di sini. Kali ini kita
akan melanjutkan artikel tersebut, yaitu tentang “<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/05/langkah-uji-independent-samples-t-test.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Langkah Uji Independent Samples T-Test Menggunakan Software IBM SPSS 21</b></span></a>”.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Artikel lain yang berkaitan dengan artikel ini adalah "<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/04/perbedaan-independent-samples-t-test.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Perbedaan Independent Samples T-Test dengan Paired Samples T-Test</span></a>". Apabila anda masih bingung dalam menentukan alat analisis, anda bisa membaca artikel tersebut, sebelum melanjutkan mempelajari artikel ini.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meskipun
kita menggunakan SPSS versi 21, namun langkah-langkah yang akan kita uraikan
nanti juga bisa diterapkan di SPSS versi sebelumnya, seperti SPSS 20, 19 bahkan
17.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Contoh
kasusnya adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kita
akan menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar mata kuliah Pengantar
Ilmu Ekonomi antara mahasiswa lulusan SMA dengan mahasiswa lulusan SMK. Misalkan ada 15 mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi. Lima belas mahasiswa tersebut terdiri dari mahasiswa lulusan SMA dan SMK. Adapun
data prestasi belajar mata kuliah Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi tersebut adalah
sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XGnqIcao7Bo/VUbZDK3faLI/AAAAAAAACYI/NXaBvrgouSU/s1600/1%2B%28t%29.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XGnqIcao7Bo/VUbZDK3faLI/AAAAAAAACYI/NXaBvrgouSU/s1600/1%2B(t).png" width="362" /></a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Data tersebut langsung
kami tampilkan dalam <i>software</i> SPSS
21, karena kami asumsikan anda sudah bisa melakukan input data ke dalam <i>software</i> SPSS 21.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Untuk menjawab
pertanyaan dalam kasus tersebut di atas, kita akan mengujinya menggunakan Uji
Independent Samples T-Test dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">1. Klik Analyze --> Compare Means --> Independent Samples T-Test</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OtW_F3EjB6A/VUbZDeUcehI/AAAAAAAACYM/yK_kTuWm9O0/s1600/2%2B%28t%29.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="351" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OtW_F3EjB6A/VUbZDeUcehI/AAAAAAAACYM/yK_kTuWm9O0/s1600/2%2B(t).png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. Masukkan Variabel
Nilai ke Dalam ‘Test Variable (s)’ dan Variabel Sekolah ke Dalam ‘Grouping
Variable’ (Nama mahasiswa bisa diabaikan). Kemudian Klik ‘Define Groups’</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A-LdZA6PIek/VUbZDB44fEI/AAAAAAAACYQ/8UHeG-IwDUo/s1600/3%2B%28t%29.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A-LdZA6PIek/VUbZDB44fEI/AAAAAAAACYQ/8UHeG-IwDUo/s1600/3%2B(t).png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">3. Ketikkan ‘SMA’ ke
Dalam ‘Group 1’ dan ‘SMK’ ke Dalam ‘Group 2’. Kemudian Klik ‘Continue’. Langkah
Terakhir Klik ‘OK’</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U5mkATD28pE/VUbZEFYbp-I/AAAAAAAACYU/25jURudaSgU/s1600/4%2B%28t%29.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U5mkATD28pE/VUbZEFYbp-I/AAAAAAAACYU/25jURudaSgU/s1600/4%2B(t).PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">4.
Output yang Dihasilkan adalah Seperti Di Bawah ini:</span></span></div>
</span></span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ATHdOT8V6sc/VUbZESZazYI/AAAAAAAACYY/JC8h70o_a_o/s1600/5%2B%28t%29.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="140" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ATHdOT8V6sc/VUbZESZazYI/AAAAAAAACYY/JC8h70o_a_o/s1600/5%2B(t).PNG" width="400" /></a> </span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">5. Interpretasi</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bagian paling penting
dan mungkin juga paling sulit adalah interpretasi hasil analisis. Output di
atas bisa diinterpretasikan sebagai berikut:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">a. Tabel ‘Group
Statistics’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Tabel ini menunjukkan
deskripsi data yang kita analisis. Kita bisa lihat bahwa jumlah mahasiswa yang
berasal dari lulusan SMA adalah 9, sedangkan yang berasal dari lulusan SMK
adalah 6 mahasiswa. Perlu diingat, karena jumlah sampelnya berbeda sehingga
satu-satunya kolom yang dapat diabndingkan antara kedua sampel adalah kolom
‘Std. Deviation’ atau Standar Deviasi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Standar Deviasi atau
simpangan baku nilai mahasiswa yang berasal dari lulusan SMK lebih besar dari
mahasiswa yang berasal dari lulusan SMA. Sehingga, bisa diinterpretasikan bahwa
nilai Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi mahasiswa lulusan SMK lebih bervariasi daripada
mahasiswa lulusan SMA.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">b. Tabel ‘Independent
Samples T-Test’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Untuk Tabel
‘Independent Samples T-Test’ ini dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) bagian, yaitu: 1) Kolom
‘Levene’s Test For Equality of Variances’ dan 2) Kolom ‘t-test for Equality of
Means’. Dua bagian ini menyatakan bahwa pada kolom pertama adalah Uji Levene,
yaitu untuk menguji homogenitas variance, sedangkan kolom kedua adalah uji beda
rerata.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dalam kolom Uji
Levene, bisa kita ketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi (Sig.) adalah 0,684. Nilai
tersebut lebih besar dari 0,05 sehingga bisa diinterpretasikan bahwa kedua
populasi (Mahasiswa lulusan SMA dan Mahasiswa lulusan SMK) mempunyai variance
yang homogen (sama).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Untuk kolom ‘t-test
for Equality of Means’ atau uji beda means (rerata), yang kita perhatikan
adalah nilai t-hitung (t) dan nilai signifikansi (Sig.)-nya. Karena kedua
populasi mempunyai variance yang sama maka yang digunakan adalah nilai (t) dan
(Sig.) pada baris ‘Equal Variances Assumed’.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kita bisa memilih
salah satu dari nilai t-hitung atau nilai signifikansi atau lebih baiknya dua-duanya
digunakan. Untuk nilai t-hitung dibandingkan dengan nilai t-tabel untuk tingkat
signifikansi 5% dan <i>degree of freedom</i>
(df) 13.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pada kolom ‘t-test for
Equality of Means’ bisa kita lihat bahwa nilai t-tabel adalah 0,878; sedangkan
nilai t-tabel (α=5% dan df=13) adalah 2,160. Karena t-hitung lebih kecil dari
t-tabel (0,878 < 2,160) maka rata-rata nilai Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi
mahasiswa lulusan SMA dan SMK adalah sama.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Sekarang kita lihat
dari nilai signifikansi (Sig.) kemudian kita bandingkan dengan taraf
signifikansi yang digunakan, yaitu 5% atau 0,05. Nilai signifikansi dalam kolom
‘t-test for Equality of Means’ adalah 0,415. Nilai ini lebih besar dari 0,05
sehingga interpretasinya adalah bahwa rata-rata nilai Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi
mahasiswa lulusan SMA dan SMK adalah sama.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">6. Kesimpulan Uji</span></span></div>
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa “tidak terdapat
perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi mahasiswa lulusan
SMA dengan lulusan SMK”.</span><br />
</span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-58471811230907113032015-04-17T21:05:00.000-07:002015-04-17T21:06:05.964-07:00Beberapa Syarat yang Harus Dipenuhi Sebelum Melakukan Uji Independent Samples T-Test<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/04/beberapa-syarat-yang-harus-dipenuhi.html">Independent Samples T-Test</a> </span></span>termasuk salah satu jenis uji beda rerata
(mean) yang menggunakan 2 (dua) kelompok yang independet (bebas). Maksud
<i>independent </i>(bebas) di sini adalah bahwa tidak ada keterkaitan antara 2
kelompok tersebut.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sebelum melakukan uji independent samples t-test, ada beberapa persyaratan
yang harus dipenuhi, yaitu sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Distribusi Data Harus Normal</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Seperti halnya uji statistik parametrik yang lain, uji independent samples
t-test menggunakan persyaratan data yang digunakan harus berdistribusi normal. Uji
normalitas bisa dilakukan dengan melihat nilai z-score kurtosis atau skewness,
kolmogorov smirnov, dan sebagainya.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Lalu bagaimana jika datanya tidak normal??</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Apabila data tidak normal, bisa dilakukan transformasi data terlebih
dahulu, kemudian diuji normalitasnya lagi. Namun, apabila setelah transformasi
data, tetap tidak berdistribusi normal, maka independent samples t-test tida
bisa dilanjutkan, dan bisa menggunakan uji statistik nonparametrik.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dAzI73QKGrs/VTHXvk-AGzI/AAAAAAAACSc/49w-eX2PP0Q/s1600/Graphic1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dAzI73QKGrs/VTHXvk-AGzI/AAAAAAAACSc/49w-eX2PP0Q/s1600/Graphic1.png" height="156" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2. Sampel Harus Independent (Bebas)</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Seperti yang telah disinggung di depan, bahwa independent samples t-test
menggunakan dua kelompok yang saling independent (bebas), sehingga tidak ada
keterkaitan antara kelompok yang satu dengan kelompok yang lain. Penentuan dua
kelompok independent ini bisa dilakukan sebelum proses pengambilan data.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Contoh:</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Seorang guru ingin membandingkan keefektivan model pembelajaran <i>course review horay</i> dengan model
pembelajaran <i>talking stick</i> dalam
meningkatkan prestasi belajar dua kelompok siswa. Dua kelompok siswa tersebut
harus independet, agar kelompok 1 tidak berintervensi dengan kelompok 2.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="line-height: 107%;">Hal ini bisa dilakukan dengan
cara memilih dua kelas siswa, tetapi berbeda sekolah. Sehingga prinsip
independet bisa terpenuhi. Namun, yang menjadi catatan jenis sekolahnya harus
sama, SMA dengan SMA, dsb. Kemampuan awal siswa kedua kelompok juga harus sama,
sehingga benar-benar bisa dilihat perbandingan keefektivan model pembelajaran <i>course review horay</i> dengan model
pembelajaran <i>talking stick</i> dalam
meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa.</span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-67333541882539071442015-04-13T20:58:00.001-07:002015-04-13T21:00:17.610-07:00Perbedaan Independent Samples T-Test dengan Paired Samples T-Test<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Independent Samples
T-Test dan Paired Samples T-Test termasuk dalam kelompok uji beda rerata
(mean). Ada perbedaan mendasar dari dua jenis analisis data tersebut. Namun,
masih banyak yang belum bisa membedakannya.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bahkan masih banyak
juga yang salah dalam memilih salah satu dari dua analisis tersebut. Sehingga
yang seharusnya menggunakan Independent Samples T-Test, tetapi malah
menggunakan Paired Samples T-Test dan sebaliknya.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/04/perbedaan-independent-samples-t-test.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Apa perbedaan mendasar dari Independent Samples T-Test dan Paired Samples T-Test?</span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Independent Samples
T-Test dan Paired Samples T-Test termasuk jenis uji beda rerata yang sama-sama
menggunakan dua kelompok sampel, yang membedakan adalah:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Independent Samples
T-Test menggunakan <b>dua kelompok yang anggotanya berbeda</b> satu dengan yang lain,
sedangkan Paired Samples T-Test menggunakan <b>dua kelompok tetapi anggota dari
dua kelompok tersebut sama</b>.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Tambah bingung??hahaha</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Baik, mari kita
perjelas…</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Contoh 1</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Misalkan ada seorang mahasiswa
yang akan melakukan penelitian eksperimen di kelas A dan B. Dia menerapkan
model pembelajaran jigsaw di kelas A dan jigsaw 1 di kelas B, kemudian dia
ingin membandingkan prestasi belajar kelas A dengan kelas B setelah diberi
perlakuan tersebut.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jelas ada dua kelompok
di situ, yaitu kelas A dan kelas B, karena berbeda kelas maka tentunya berbeda
pula anggotanya, sehingga analisis yang bisa digunakan adalah Independent
Samples T-Test.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vWSNRxpONG4/VSyQKHQczXI/AAAAAAAACPE/PMGbO5jjbmo/s1600/t-test.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vWSNRxpONG4/VSyQKHQczXI/AAAAAAAACPE/PMGbO5jjbmo/s1600/t-test.png" height="173" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Contoh 2</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Misalkan ada seorang
mahasiswa yang akan melakukan penelitian eksperimen di kelas A. Dia ingin
membandingkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas A sebelum dan sesudah diterapkan
model pembelajaran jigsaw.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dari contoh tersebut
sudah jelas bahwa ada satu kelas, tetapi ada dua kelompok. Nah lho? kok ada dua
kelompok? Iya dua kelompok tersebut adalah kelompok sebelum diberi perlakuan
(model pembelajaran jigsaw) dan setelah diberi perlakuan (model pembelajaran
jigsaw).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Karena hanya ada satu
kelas, yaitu kelas A maka sudah tentu anggotanya adalah sama, sehingga analisis
yang tepat untuk digunakan adalah Paired Samples T-Test.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Sudah jelas bukan? Jangan sampai salah
menggunakan jenis analisis data lagi ya! hehe</span></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-48689770235786682015-02-11T20:47:00.001-08:002015-02-11T20:49:07.232-08:00Kedudukan Statistika dalam Penelitian<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Artikel ini saya kutip
dari buku “Statistika: <i>Computer Based</i>”
yang ditulis oleh Prof. Dr. Siswandari, M.Stats. (Guru Besar Pendidikan
Akuntansi, FKIP UNS).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Secara garis besar,
penelitian akan melibatkan empat tahap kegiatan, yaitu sebagai berikut:</span></span><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Perencanaan</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Perencanaan di sini
meliputi: 1) perumusan masalah, untuk penelitian yang benar-benar terapan
masalah yang dirumuskan ini adalah masalah yang memang ada dalam praktik. 2)
memiliki kerangka teori. Dari kegiatan perencanaan ini seorang peneliti
kemudian akan dapat merumuskan definisi operasional dan menetapkan cara
pengukurannya, merumuskan hipotesis dan menetapkan satuan analisis.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2. Pelaksanaan</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pada tahap ini peneliti
mengambil/menarik sampel, menyusun instrumen (jika perlu) dan mengumpulkan
data.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3. Analisis Data</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pada tahap ini peneliti
akan menyajikan hasil pengukuran (pengukuran ini sesuai dengan apa yang telah
direncanakan sebelumnya) dan menguji hipotesis jika tujuan penelitian adalah
kebenaran teori seperti yang dikemukakan oleh ilmuwan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4. Interpretasi Data</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pada tahap ini peneliti
memberikan berbagai penafsiran yang relevan berdasarkan hasil analisis data.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dari uraian di atas,
dapatlah diperoleh suatu gambaran mengenai kedudukan statistika terutama pada
tahap analisis data, yaitu:</span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Menyajikan,
menyederhanakan dan mempresentasikan data yang diperoleh</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Menguji hipotesis</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mengestimasi parameter
melalui statistik yang relevan</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dengan demikian pada
dasarnya statistika dapat dipandang sebagai ilmu yang menyediakan fasilitas
atau lebih sederhana lagi, menunjukkan alat yang akan digunakan untuk
memecahkan masalah-masalah penelitian kuantitatif.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Oleh sebab itu,
ketepatan pemilihan alat dan ketelitian dalam menginterpretasikan hasil
analisis data jauh lebih penting daripada sekedar kebiasaan menghitung,
betapapun rumitnya perhitungan yang dimaksud.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hlpuK1gwBQU/VNwwUBz_4MI/AAAAAAAACBw/ZDaG-h3i3xI/s1600/statistika.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hlpuK1gwBQU/VNwwUBz_4MI/AAAAAAAACBw/ZDaG-h3i3xI/s1600/statistika.jpg" height="272" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pemilihan alat yang
paling cocok untuk menangani masalah penelitian tentu memerlukan pemikiran
tersendiri. Bandingkan kegiatan ini dengan memasukkan angka-angka ke dalam
berbagai rumus.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Disamping itu
penggunaan statistika tertentu tidak jarang menuntut syarat-syarat yang
sebaiknya dipenuhi untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang cenderung akurat.
Oleh karenanya, pemenuhan syarat ini juga cukup penting artinya bagi hasil
penelitian.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dengan demikian kita
bisa memandang statistika sebagai sesuatu yang tidak begitu berarti jika berada
di tangan orang yang tidak mengetahui kapan suatu analisis statistik harus
digunakan dan bagaimana interpretasi hasil analisis tersebut.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Yang jelas, hasil
penelitian akan cenderung baik jika bahan mentah yang akan dianalisis dengan
menggunakan statistik juga baik. Bahan mentah statistik adalah data, dan data
yang baik antara lain harus memenuhi syarat sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Representatif</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mempunyai standar <i>error
</i>(kesalahan baku) kecil</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Obyektif</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i> </i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>Up-to-date</i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Relevan</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Sumber:</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Siswandari. 2009. <i>Statistika: Computer Based</i>. Surakarta: UNS Press.</span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-53880860896721941272015-01-29T14:36:00.000-08:002015-01-29T14:39:15.277-08:00Pengertian Populasi, Sampel dan Sampling<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/01/pengertian-populasi-sampel-dan-sampling.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Populasi</span></span></a>
adalah himpunan sampel atau anggota yang akan diamati, sedangkan sampel
merupakan sebagian anggota populasi. Unsur atau anggota disini dapat berupa
orang, nilai, lahan percobaan, suhu udara, dan sebagainya.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/01/pengertian-populasi-sampel-dan-sampling.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">Sampel</span></span></a>
merupakan sebagian anggota populasi, sedangkan <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/01/pengertian-populasi-sampel-dan-sampling.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>sampling</i></span></span></a> dapat diartikan sebagai cara menentukan sampel. Ada dua
macam cara penentuan sampel, yaitu <i>random</i>
dan <i>non random</i>. Sampel yang diambil
secara <i>random</i> berarti sampel tersebut
diperoleh melalui prosedur tertentu dimana setiap anggota populasi mempunyai
kesempatan yang sama untuk menjadi sampel.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Sebaliknya,
apabila sampel diambil secara <i>non random</i> maka tidak semua anggota populasi
memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk menjadi sampel. Contoh: populasi dalam
suatu penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMK Y, sampel yang akan misalnya
adalah siswa kelas XI SMK Y yang menggunakan laptop merk X. Sehingga tidak
semua anggota populasi memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk menjadi sampel,
karena tidak semua siswa kelas XI SMK Y menggunakan laptop merk X.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Untuk
penelitian kuantitatif terapan, umumnya penentuan sampel dilakukan secara <i>random</i>, namun dalam praktik tidak jarang
peneliti menggunakan teknik <i>combined-sampling</i>
dimana peneliti mengkombinasikan jenis teknik <i>sampling</i> yang ada pada kelompok <i>random</i>
dan <i>non-random sampling</i>. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mDjivKG2Sc8/VMq0vRl07mI/AAAAAAAACBM/FuR6nho6b-8/s1600/sampel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mDjivKG2Sc8/VMq0vRl07mI/AAAAAAAACBM/FuR6nho6b-8/s1600/sampel.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Yang
harus dicatat bahwa istilah populasi dan sampel ini hanya cocok digunakan dalam
penelitian kuantitatif.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Sumber:</span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Siswandari.
2009. <i>Statistika: Computer Based</i>.
Surakarta: LPP UNS dan UNS Press.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">(Nama lengkap/beserta gelar akademik beliau
adalah Prof. Dr. Siswandari, M.Stats.)</span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-79833565121133046612015-01-23T14:39:00.001-08:002015-01-23T14:39:41.908-08:00Pengertian Statistika<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Dalam
kehidupan sehari-hari setiap orang tentu berhubungan dengan statistik atau
paling tidak dipengaruhi oleh penerapan statistik. Secara umum kata statistik (<i>statistic</i>) mengacu pada pemahaman umum
tentang data<i> numeric</i> atau <i>numerical index</i>.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Statistik
yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan misalnya, tentu berisi data tentang
kelahiran, kematian, pernikahan, perceraian, dan sebagainya. Sedangkan
statistik ekonomi antara lain berkaitan dengan data ketenagakerjaan, produksi,
harga, penjualan, pertumbuhan ekonomi, produk domestik bruto, dan sebagainya.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Statistik
sosial umumnya berhubungan dengan data pendidikan, kesejahteraan sosial,
keamanan, criminal, dan sebagainya. Oleh karena itu hampir di setiap buku
statistika disebutkan bahwa bahan baku statistik adalah data. Lalu apa
pengertian statistik?</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Statistika</span></span>
adalah ilmu yang merupakan salah satu cabang dari matematika, yang mengacu pada
metodologi untuk mengumpulkan, menggambarkan, mempresentasikan, menganalisis
data kuantitatif dengan menggunakan teknik tertentu, sampai pada menafsirkan
hasil analisis tersebut, untuk keperluan tertentu.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Orang
memang sering mencampuradukkan pengertian antara statistika (<i>statistics</i>) dan statistik (<i>statistic</i>). Jika pengertian statistika
telah dipahami, maka pengertian statistik akan lebih mudah dicerna. Setiap
peneliti melakukan kegiatan “menganalisis data kuantitatif” pasti menggunakan
statistik.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Statistik</span></span>
umumnya mengacu pada <i>numerical index</i>
atau “<i>tool</i>” (alat) yang berkaitan
dengan sampel yang digunakan untuk keperluan menganalisis data. Ingat, bahwa
statistik adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk sampel, simbol untuk menyatakan
variansi untuk sampel adalah S<sup>2</sup>, sedangkan untuk populasi umunya
digunakan istilah parameter, dan simbol untuk menyatakan variansi dalam populasi
adalah σ<sup>2</sup>.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0soaYilv8Do/VMLMn6uyCYI/AAAAAAAACAA/UEOmfO1iWKc/s1600/BPS.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0soaYilv8Do/VMLMn6uyCYI/AAAAAAAACAA/UEOmfO1iWKc/s1600/BPS.PNG" height="207" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Contoh
untuk pengertian statistik yang pertama adalah statistik ekonomi yang berisi
angka-angka seperti banyaknya angkatan kerja tahun 2012 – 2014; jumlah produksi
beras dari tahun 2012 – 2014 dan seterusnya, sedangkan contoh untuk pengertian
yang kedua adalah penggunaan istilah statistik F, misalnya dalam pernyataan “untuk
melakukan uji beda mean pada empat kelompok sampel, maka alat yang dapat
digunakan adalah statistik F”.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Sumber:</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Siswandari.
2009. <i>Statistika: Computer Based</i>.
Surakarta: LPP UNS dan UNS Press.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">(Nama
lengkap/beserta gelar akademik beliau adalah Prof. Dr. Siswandari, M.Stats.)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
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<![endif]-->Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-57890792262108425822014-06-25T21:59:00.000-07:002014-06-25T22:13:22.111-07:00Tutorial Uji t dengan IBM SPSS 21<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/06/tutorial-uji-t-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Uji t</span></span></a> yang dimaksud dalam artikel ini
adalah uji parsial yang digunakan dalam pengujian hipotesis penelitian yang
menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda.</span></span></span><br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Kalau dalam artikel yang lalu kita
menampilkan <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/05/langkah-uji-f-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Tutorial Uji F dengan IBM SPSS 21</span></a>, kali ini kita akan membahas
<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/06/tutorial-uji-t-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Tutorial Uji t dengan IBM SPSS 21</span></span></a>. Langkah-langkah pengujiannya sebagian besar
sama, perbedaannya terletak pada tabel yang digunakan. Kalau dalam <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/05/langkah-uji-f-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Uji F</span></a>
menggunakan tabel ANOVA, sedangkan dalam Uji t yang digunakan adalah tabel
Coefficients.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Dalam analisis regresi linear berganda,
<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/06/tutorial-uji-t-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Uji t</span></span></a> digunakan untuk uji parsial (sendiri-sendiri) dalam arti menguji pengaruh
masing-masing variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Misalnya anda ingin menguji pengaruh
Prakerin (X1) dan Motivasi Kerja (X2) terhadap Kesiapan Kerja (Y). Terdapat dua
variabel bebas dan satu variabel terikat. Uji t digunakan untuk menguji
pengaruh antara variabel X1 terhadap Y dan X2 terhadap Y. Berbeda dengan Uji F
yang digunakan untuk menguji pengaruh X1 dan X2 (bersama-sama) terhadap Y.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Sama halnya dalam <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/05/langkah-uji-f-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Uji F</span></a>,
kami asumsikan pembaca sudah mempunyai tabulasi data penelitian.
Berikut contoh tabulasi penelitian yang sudah kami masukkan dalam SPSS:</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tzClZl0XWis/U6unKNw00ZI/AAAAAAAABe4/IYgftDdfPgE/s1600/5.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tzClZl0XWis/U6unKNw00ZI/AAAAAAAABe4/IYgftDdfPgE/s1600/5.JPG" height="400" width="283" /></a></div>
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</div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Baik, langsung saja kami tampilkan
langkah-langkah pengujiannya:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">1.</span></span> Klik Analyze --> Regression -->
Linear …</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-awQz2aCtr5I/U6unSb3Vi5I/AAAAAAAABfA/C8A2GURv38k/s1600/2.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Tutorial Uji t dengan IBM SPSS 21" border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-awQz2aCtr5I/U6unSb3Vi5I/AAAAAAAABfA/C8A2GURv38k/s1600/2.JPG" height="400" title="Tutorial Uji t dengan IBM SPSS 21" width="370" /></a></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">2.</span></span> Setelah itu akan muncul <i>window </i>baru,
kemudian masukkan variabel Y (Kesiapan Kerja ke dalam kotak ‘Dependent’ dan
variabel X1 dan X2 (Prakerin dan Motivasi Kerja) ke dalam kotak ‘Independent’</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-caguKPo2_pA/U6unpqVAzqI/AAAAAAAABfQ/EnLPNjoOBPI/s1600/3.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-caguKPo2_pA/U6unpqVAzqI/AAAAAAAABfQ/EnLPNjoOBPI/s1600/3.JPG" height="251" title="Tutorial Uji t dengan IBM SPSS 21" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">3.</span></span> Klik ‘OK’ untuk mengakhiri langkah</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sWpyO_Pe1iU/U6unZfM1L4I/AAAAAAAABfM/AvG6UBvb2gs/s1600/2%25281%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sWpyO_Pe1iU/U6unZfM1L4I/AAAAAAAABfM/AvG6UBvb2gs/s1600/2%25281%2529.JPG" height="330" title="Tutorial Uji t dengan IBM SPSS 21" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">4.</span></span> Setelah itu, akan muncul <i>window </i>baru
yaitu <i>output </i>dari analisis tersebut. Yang digunakan hanya tabel ‘Coefficients’
khususnya untuk kolom ‘t’ dan ‘Sig.’</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9QgAzIz5X-0/U6un9DNDERI/AAAAAAAABfY/pooAVF4ZdC0/s1600/22.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9QgAzIz5X-0/U6un9DNDERI/AAAAAAAABfY/pooAVF4ZdC0/s1600/22.JPG" height="242" title="Tutorial Uji t dengan IBM SPSS 21" width="400" /></a></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Kriteria Pengujian</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Setelah melihat tabel ‘Coefficients di
atas, langkah selanjutnya adalah kriteria pengujiannya. Terdapat dua cara
kriteria pengujian, dan bisa dipilih salah satu saja, yaitu:</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">1. Nilai ‘t’</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Nilai t dalam contoh di atas adalah 3,206
untuk X1 dan 2,912 untuk X2. Angka ini disebut dengan t hitung, yang
selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan nilai t tabel. Apabila nilai t hitung kedua
variabel tersebut lebih besar dari t tabel maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat
pengaruh yang signifikan antara Prakerin (X1) dan Motivasi Kerja (X2) secara parsial
(sendiri-sendiri) terhadap Kesiapan Kerja (Y).</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">2. Nilai‘Sig.’</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">‘Sig.’ di sini berarti taraf
Signifikansi. Kriteria pengujiannya adalah apabila nilai ‘Sig.’ lebih kecil
dari taraf signifikansi yang digunakan (misal: 0,01 / 0,05 / 0,1 tergantung
peneliti) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara
Prakerin (X1) dan Motivasi Kerja (X2) secara parsial (sendiri-sendiri) terhadap
Kesiapan Kerja (Y).</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Mudah bukan? Semoga bisa bermanfaat...
:)</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Ingin download Tutorial ini dalam file
PDF??<br />
Klik <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4Qwqxrp9e-DLTAtUFM0ZlJuU1U/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">di Sini!!</span></span></a></span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-44679175525080772682014-05-26T21:40:00.002-07:002014-09-18T18:04:59.889-07:00Langkah Uji F dengan IBM SPSS 21<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Sebagaimana yang
telah dibahas dalam artikel “<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2012/08/regresi-berganda-uji-f-uji-t-dan.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Uji Hipotesis Menggunakan Regresi Berganda, Uji F, Uji t, dan Adjusted R Squared</span></a>” bahwa <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/05/langkah-uji-f-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html"><span style="color: blue;">Uji F</span></a> digunakan untuk menguji salah satu
hipotesis di dalam penelitian yang menggunakan analisis Regresi Linear
Berganda.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Pada artikel
kali ini, kami akan menampilkan langkah-langkah Uji F tersebut dengan
menggunakan bantuan <i>software</i> <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/05/langkah-uji-f-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html"><span style="color: blue;">IBM SPSS21</span></a>.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Kami menggunakan
software IBM SPSS 21, tetapi langkah-langkah yang kami tampilkan di sini bisa
juga diterapkan pada <i>software</i> SPSS
versi di bawah 21.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Ok. Langsung
saja, kami asumsikan pembaca sudah mempunyai tabulasi data yang siap diolah di
dalam SPSS. Misalkan kita mempunyai tabulasi data dengan 3 variabel, yang
terdiri dari 2 variabel bebas dan 1 variabel terikat.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Dua variabel
bebas tersebut misalkan Praktik Kerja Industri / Prakerin (X<sub>1</sub>) dan
Motivasi Kerja (X<sub>2</sub>). Satu variabel terikatnya adalah Kesiapan Kerja (Y),
sehingga apabila data tersebut sudah ditabulasi akan seperti gambar di bawah
ini:</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cqgMeTNvp0o/U4QWv2JlrNI/AAAAAAAABV4/YZejMsoIJ2Q/s1600/5.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cqgMeTNvp0o/U4QWv2JlrNI/AAAAAAAABV4/YZejMsoIJ2Q/s1600/5.JPG" height="400" width="283" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Adapun <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/05/langkah-uji-f-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Langkah-langkah Uji F menggunakan SPSS 21</span></span></a> adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">1.</span></b></span> Klik Analyze </span><span style="line-height: 150%;">--></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">
Regression </span><span style="line-height: 150%;">--></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">
Linear …</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oE335ZMJGUQ/U4QWtjW4HiI/AAAAAAAABVo/csjQi1vDUoE/s1600/2.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oE335ZMJGUQ/U4QWtjW4HiI/AAAAAAAABVo/csjQi1vDUoE/s1600/2.JPG" height="400" width="370" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">2.</span></b></span> Setelah itu
akan muncul <i>window</i> baru, kemudian
masukkan variabel Y (Kesiapan Kerja ke dalam kotak ‘Dependent’ dan variabel X<sub>1</sub>
dan X<sub>2</sub> (Prakerin dan Motivasi Kerja) ke dalam kotak ‘Independent’</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eY1Nf5BIb6A/U4QWt_LVtwI/AAAAAAAABVw/r38FGF4hFSQ/s1600/3.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eY1Nf5BIb6A/U4QWt_LVtwI/AAAAAAAABVw/r38FGF4hFSQ/s1600/3.JPG" height="251" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">3.</span></b></span> Klik ‘OK’
untuk mengakhiri langkah</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">4.</span></b></span> Setelah itu,
akan muncul window baru yaitu output dari analisis tersebut. Yang digunakan
hanya tabel ‘ANOVA’ khususnya untuk kolom ‘F’ dan ‘Sig.’</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Kriteria
Pengujian</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Setelah melihat
tabel ‘ANOVA’ di atas, langkah selanjutnya adalah kriteria pengujiannya.
Terdapat dua cara kriteria pengujian, dan bisa dipilih salah satu saja, yaitu:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">1. Nilai ‘F’</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Nilai F dalam
contoh di atas adalah 14,055. Angka ini adalah nilai F hitung, yang selanjutnya
dibandingkan dengan nilai F tabel. Apabila nilai F hitung lebih besar dari F
tabel maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara Prakerin
(X<sub>1</sub>) dan Motivasi Kerja (X<sub>2</sub>) secara simultan terhadap
Kesiapan Kerja (Y) dan sebaliknya.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">2. Nilai‘Sig.’ </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">‘Sig.’ di sini
berarti taraf Signifikansi. Kriteria pengujiannya adalah apabila nilai ‘Sig.’
lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi yang digunakan (misal: 0,01 / 0,05 / 0,1
tergantung peneliti) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang
signifikan antara Prakerin (X<sub>1</sub>) dan Motivasi Kerja (X<sub>2</sub>)
secara simultan terhadap Kesiapan Kerja (Y) dan sebaliknya.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Mudah bukan? Semoga bisa bermanfaat... :) </span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com22tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-33516284337296171122014-04-16T17:02:00.001-07:002014-09-18T18:05:32.059-07:00Langkah-langkah Uji Validitas dengan Software SPSS<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Setelah
membahas <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/04/langkah-uji-validitas-kuesioner-angket.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Langkah-langkah Uji Validitas dengan <i>software</i> Ms. Excel 2013</span></a>, maka pada artikel ini akan dibahas tentang
<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/04/langkah-langkah-uji-validitas-dengan.html"><span style="color: blue;">Langkah-langkah Uji Validitas dengan <i>software</i> SPSS</span></a>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Dalam
artikel ini digunakan <i>software</i> SPSS 17,
namun tutorial ini nanti bisa diterapkan juga pada <i>software</i> SPSS di bawah 17 maupun di atas 17, seperti SPSS 21, SPSS 20,
SPSS 20, dan SPSS 16.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Meskipun
menggunakan SPSS untuk menguji validitasnya, tetapi tabulasi data tetap dibuat
di Ms. Excel karena memang lebih mudah dan efisien apabila tabulasi datanya
dibuat di Excel.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Adapun
Langkah-langkah Uji Validitas dengan <i>software</i>
SPSS adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="color: blue;">1.</span></b> Dari
tabulasi data yang sudah dibuat di Excel, <i>copy</i>-lah
skor semua item, termasuk total skornya. Untuk ebih jelasnya lihat gambar
berikut ini:</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NvgsmBe5M_o/U08ZoSUS3LI/AAAAAAAABPc/pV-H2FkFfP4/s1600/11.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NvgsmBe5M_o/U08ZoSUS3LI/AAAAAAAABPc/pV-H2FkFfP4/s1600/11.PNG" height="261" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">2. </span></span></b></span><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">Paste</span></i><span style="line-height: 150%;">-kan data tersebut di dalam lembar editor SPSS,
sebagimana terlihat dalam gambar di bawah ini:</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ywot_ynl8Uc/U08ZoNNqbSI/AAAAAAAABPk/KeonNCjp08o/s1600/22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ywot_ynl8Uc/U08ZoNNqbSI/AAAAAAAABPk/KeonNCjp08o/s1600/22.jpg" height="337" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">3.</span></b></span> Setelah
tabulasi data di-<i>paste</i> ke dalam
lembar data editor SPSS, langkah selanjutnya klik tab “Variable View” yang
terletak di pojok kiri bawah.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0qzAn5jSHFE/U08ZocB4-GI/AAAAAAAABPo/iIUGg0zIkYk/s1600/33.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0qzAn5jSHFE/U08ZocB4-GI/AAAAAAAABPo/iIUGg0zIkYk/s1600/33.jpg" height="400" width="203" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">4.</span></b></span> Pada
kolom label ketikkan label (tanda) untuk masing-masing item termasuk skor
total. Misalkan item nomor 1 (VAR00001) labelnya adalah “Item X ke 1” dan
seterusnya sampai nomor terakhir.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-10XT384A7KI/U08ZplMz0YI/AAAAAAAABP4/Ni7ps7ompuM/s1600/44.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-10XT384A7KI/U08ZplMz0YI/AAAAAAAABP4/Ni7ps7ompuM/s1600/44.PNG" height="236" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">5.</span></b></span> Setelah
label untuk masing-masing item diisi, selanjutnya klik tab “Data View” kemudian
klik menu Analyze </span><span style="line-height: 150%;">--></span><span style="line-height: 150%;"> Correlate </span><span style="line-height: 150%;">--></span><span style="line-height: 150%;"> Bivariate.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fwuQ4YgD6I4/U08Zp0WG1DI/AAAAAAAABP8/OSUpTPBn7PI/s1600/55.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fwuQ4YgD6I4/U08Zp0WG1DI/AAAAAAAABP8/OSUpTPBn7PI/s1600/55.jpg" height="258" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Download Tutorial lengkapnya</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">di <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4Qwqxrp9e-DWHBwTXM1RGhLZ1E/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>SINI</b></span></a><span style="color: blue;"><b> </b></span></span></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-82814004800552131652014-04-15T08:39:00.003-07:002014-04-15T08:44:31.105-07:00Langkah Uji Validitas Kuesioner (Angket) Menggunakan software Microsoft Office Excel 2013<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Pada
artikel sebelumnya, kita sudah pernah membahas tentang <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2012/03/uji-validitas-dan-reliabilitas.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">uji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner</span></a>. Nah, pada artikel ini kita akan membahas tentang
langkah-langkah uji validitas kuesioner dengan menggunakan <i>software</i> Microsoft Office Excel 2013.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Mengapa
menggunakan Microsoft Office Excel 2013, kok tidak menggunakan <i>software</i> khusus statistik saja seperti
SPSS??</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Jawabannya
adalah karena memang Excel terdapat formula yang bisa digunakan untuk uji
validitas. Nah, kalau ditanya lebih efektif mana antara Excel dengan SPSS?? Itu
tergantung dari individu yang menggunakan.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Kalau
kami sendiri, lebih nyaman menggunakan Excel. Namun, bagi yang penasaran dengan
langkah-langkah uji validitas menggunakan SPSS, tidak perlu khawatir karena insya’Allah
akan kami tampilkan dalam artikel selanjutnya.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/04/langkah-uji-validitas-kuesioner-angket.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Langkah-langkah uji validitas menggunakan Excel 2013</b></span></a></span> adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>1.</b></span></span> Misalkan
variabel yang hendak diuji validitasnya adalah variabel X<sub>1 </sub>(Motivasi
Belajar), dengan 10 item instrumen angket, dan 10 orang responden (sampel
penelitian). Sekedar contoh, kami hanya menggunakan sampel 10 orang, namun pada
praktik riilnya sampel yang digunakan untuk uji coba kuesioner minimal adalah
30 responden.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>2.</b></span></span> Dari
data yang diperoleh, kemudian dibuat tabulasi data skor jawaban angket / kuesioner
sebagai berikut:</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a8I8qLEJBj8/U01R-Epr08I/AAAAAAAABO8/omlc8EQCSKc/s1600/11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a8I8qLEJBj8/U01R-Epr08I/AAAAAAAABO8/omlc8EQCSKc/s1600/11.jpg" height="256" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>3.</b></span></span> Rumus
yang nanti digunakan adalah:</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">=CORREL(kolom
no.item tiap soal, kolom jumlah total skor [tekan F4]) kemudian Enter.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>4.</b></span></span> Pada
sel B14 ketikkan formula =CORREL(B5:B14,L5:L14 [kemudian tekan tombol F4 pada <i>keyboard</i>]). Sehingga apabila formula
yang diketikkan benar akan menjadi =CORREL(B5:B14, $L$5:$L$14), setelah itu
tekan ENTER. <i>Copy</i> formula tersebut
dan <i>paste</i> di sel C14 – K14. Hasilnya
adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i1ZkV1f2SMA/U01SAGBqq6I/AAAAAAAABPI/vmpjl_uIWDs/s1600/22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i1ZkV1f2SMA/U01SAGBqq6I/AAAAAAAABPI/vmpjl_uIWDs/s1600/22.jpg" height="256" width="400" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-He38f_LLO5A/U01SALieyaI/AAAAAAAABPM/giLPAIG2rEo/s1600/33.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-He38f_LLO5A/U01SALieyaI/AAAAAAAABPM/giLPAIG2rEo/s1600/33.jpg" height="258" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>5.</b></span></span> Setelah
itu, akan didapat nilai r hitung untuk masing-masing no. item pertanyaan
variabel </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">X<sub>1</sub></span>. Misalnya r hitung item soal no.1 adalah 0,014; no. 2 adalah -0,12 dan seterusnya.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Download Tutorial Lengkapnya</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">di <span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4Qwqxrp9e-DdzlCcmNUY3d6RDg/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">SINI</a> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></blockquote>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-20685781371406995622014-04-01T23:39:00.001-07:002014-04-01T23:40:34.981-07:00Uji Prasyarat Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis)<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uji Prasyarat
dilakukan sebagai sebuah persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi sebelum suatu analisis
diterapkan pada sebuah data. Sebagai contoh, uji asumsi klasik merupakan
persyaratan untuk analisis regresi linear berganda.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hal tersebut
mengisyaratkan bahwa uji asumsi klasik yang terdiri dari uji normalitas,
linearitas, multikolinearitas, autokorelasi, dan heteroskedastisitas adalah uji
prasyarat untuk analisis regresi linear berganda.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Namun, artikel
ini tidak akan membahas lebih dalam tentang uji prasyarat regresi ganda
tersebut karena memang sudah banyak artikel di blog atau website lain yang
membahas tentang hal tersebut. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/04/uji-prasyarat-analisis-jalur-path.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Uji Prasyarat untuk Analisis Jalur (<i>Path Analysis</i>)</span></span></a>.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alasan pembuatan
artikel ini adalah karena penulis pada waktu mengerjakan tesis merasa kesulitan
mencari artikel yang membahas tentang uji prasyarat analisis jalur. Nah…harapannya
dengan artikel ini, dapat membantu mahasiswa yang tengah mengerjakan skripsi
atau tesis kuantitatif dan menggunakan analisis jalur.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembahasan ini
dimulai dari pernyataan Imam Ghozali dan Fuad (2008) bahwa asumsi yang paling
fundamental dalam analisis <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">multivariate</i>
adalah normalitas. Analisis jalur pastinya termasuk dalam analisis <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">multivariate</i> karena pasti menggunakan
lebih dari 1 variabel, bahkan minimal 3 variabel (1 variabel bebas, 1 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">intervening</i> dan 1 terikat).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apabila anda
menggunakan bantuan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">software</i> Lisrel
untuk olah data, selain normalitas, uji prasyarat yang lain adalah multikolinearitas.
Imam Ghozali dan Fuad (2008) asumsi yang seharusnya dipenuhi dalam Lisrel
adalah normalitas dan multikolinearitas.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Namun, apabila
varibel bebas anda hanya satu, maka uji multikolinearitas tersebut tidak perlu
digunakan. Menurut Allison (2012: 60) multikolinearitas terjadi apabila “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">there are strong linear dependencies among
the explanatory variables</i>”.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Selain itu, prasyarat
yang lain adalah uji linearitas, skala datanya harus interval, dan uji
autokorelasi. Menurut Olobatuyi (2006) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the
assumptions for path analysis include: linearity, interval level of
measurement, normality, and autocorrelation</i>. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Namun,
autokorelasi bisa diabaikan apabila data anda berupa data <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cross section</i> bukan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">time
series</i>. Uji autokorelasi bisa diabaikan dalam penelitian yang menggunakan
data cross-section (Stokes, 1997; Armstrong, 2001; Doane, Seward, Seward, 2008;
Verbeek, 2008; dan Abrams, 2010).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
beberapa pendapat para ahli tersebut, maka kesimpulannya adalah bahwa Uji
Prasyarat Analsis Jalur adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uji Normalitas</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uji
Multikolinearitas (apabila menggunakan Lisrel dan apabila variabel bebasnya
lebih dari satu)</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uji Linearitas</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Uji Autokorelasi
(bisa diabaikan apabila datanya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cross
section</i>)</span></span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Referensi:</span></b></span></div>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Abrams, Jay B.
2010. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Quantitative Business Valuation: A
Mathematical Approach for Today's Professional: Second Edition</i>. John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Allison, Paul D.
2012. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Logistic Regression Using SAS:
Theory and Application, Second Edition</i>. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Armstrong, J.
Scott. 2001. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Principles of Forecasting: A
Handbook for Researcher and Practitioners</i>. Springer Science & Business
Media, Inc.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Doane, David P.;
Seward, Lori; Seward, L. Welte. 2008. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Applied
Statistics in Business & Economics with Student CD</i>. New York:
McGraw-Hill</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Imam Ghozali dan
Fuad. 2008. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Structural Equation Modeling</i>.
Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Olobatuyi, Moses
E. 2006. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A User’s Guide to Path Analysis</i>.
Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America Inc.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Stokes, Houston
H. 1997. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Specifying and Diagnostically
Testing Econometric Models: Second Edition</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group,
Inc.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Verbeek, Marno.
2008. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Guide to Modern Econometrics:
Third Edition</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chicester: John Wiley
& Sons, Ltd.</span></span>
</li>
</ol>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com27tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-50718974616885543082013-12-17T15:01:00.002-08:002013-12-17T15:06:50.728-08:00Contoh Kasus Analisis Jalur<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">Berikut ini kami tampilkan <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2013/12/contoh-kasus-analisis-jalur.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>contoh kasus penerapan Analisis </b></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2013/12/contoh-kasus-analisis-jalur.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Jalur (<i>Path Analysis</i>)</b></span></a></span> dalam sebuah <span style="font-size: small;">penelitian.</span></span></span></span><b> </b></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Konteks Penelitian</b></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Seorang peneliti
ingin menemukan jalur-jalur hubungan kausal antara sejumlah variabel
pengelolaan lingkungan dengan peningkatan ekspor yang dilakukan oleh industri
kertas dan pulp di Indonesia.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pengelolaan
lingkungan mencakup sejumlah variabel bebas yaitu:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">X<sub>1</sub> = Kelembagaan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="DE">X<sub>2</sub> = <span style="font-size: small;">P</span>enataan Hukum</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="DE">X<sub>3</sub> = AMDAL</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">X<sub>4</sub> = SDM</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">X<sub>5</sub> = ISO-9000</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">X<sub>6</sub> =<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>ISO-14000
dan variabel terikatnya adalah X<sub>7</sub> = <span style="font-size: small;">P</span>eningkatan Ekspor</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Peneliti
menggunakan kerangka berpikir bahwa empat variabel pertama pengelolaan
lingkungan (X<sub>1, </sub>X<sub>2, </sub>X<sub>3, </sub>X<sub>4</sub>)
mempengaruhi peningkatan ekspor (X<sub>7</sub>) baik secara langsung maupun
secara tidak langsung melalui ISO-9000 DAN ISO-14000 (X<sub>5, </sub>X<sub>6</sub>).
Instrumen penelitian dikenakan pada 40 orang sampel.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Secara
operasional masalah ini diselesaikan melalui analisis regresi bertingkat,
dengan langkah penyelesaian tugas sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Pengembangan Model Konseptual</span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Qqd_htKtsLc/UrDXSQ8IcMI/AAAAAAAABF8/UWNVdkvRJ2k/s1600/1.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Qqd_htKtsLc/UrDXSQ8IcMI/AAAAAAAABF8/UWNVdkvRJ2k/s1600/1.JPG" height="390" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Model Konseptual</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="color: blue;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2. Spesifikasi Model Analisis</span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: blue;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Diagram</span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VyQAvQ8WcoY/UrDXfWvz4nI/AAAAAAAABGE/OcUmPv7nYEo/s1600/2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VyQAvQ8WcoY/UrDXfWvz4nI/AAAAAAAABGE/OcUmPv7nYEo/s1600/2.jpg" height="400" width="365" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spesifikasi Model</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Sumber:</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Prof. Dr.
Siswandari, M.Stats (Guru Besar FKIP UNS)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kelanjutan
artikel ini bisa anda dapatkan dengan mengirim permintaan ke <span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>iro.maruto@gmail.com</b></span></span>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-49818241571627847252013-10-13T02:11:00.002-07:002013-10-13T02:15:04.841-07:00Deteksi Multikolinearitas dengan VIF dan Tolerance<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2013/10/deteksi-multikolinearitas-dengan-vif.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Multikolinearitas</b></span></span></a>,
pasti sudah tidak asing lagi bagi mahasiswa yang tengah mengerjakan skripsi
kuantitatif, khususnya yang menggunakan teknik analisis data regresi linear
berganda.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Multikolinearitas
merupakan hubungan yang kuat antar variabel bebas. Salah satu syarat agar hasil
regresi linear berganda tidak bias adalah tidak adanya hubungan yang kuat antar
variabel bebas atau dengan kata lain bebas dari masalah multikolinearitas.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2013/10/deteksi-multikolinearitas-dengan-vif.html"><br /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2013/10/deteksi-multikolinearitas-dengan-vif.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Deteksi Multikolinearitas</span></b></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Deteksi
multikolinearitas yang sering digunakan adalah dengan melihat nilai <i>Variance Inflation Factor</i> (VIF) dan <i>tolerance</i>. Namun, ada beberapa versi batas
angka <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2013/10/deteksi-multikolinearitas-dengan-vif.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>VIF</b></span></span></a> dan <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2013/10/deteksi-multikolinearitas-dengan-vif.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>tolerance</b></span></span></a> yang digunakan untuk deteksi multikolinearitas.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Ada ahli yang
mengatakan apabila nilai tolerance lebih kecil dari 0,1 dan VIF lebih besar
dari 10 maka ada masalah multikolinearitas. Ada juga yang mengatakan batas
nilai VIF adalah 5, apabila nilai VIF lebih besar dari 5 maka terdapat masalah
multikolinearitas.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Dan ada lagi yang
mengatakan bahwa apabila nilai VIF di sekitar angka 1 dan <i>tolerance</i> mendekati 1 maka bebas dari masalah multikolinearitas.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Lalu, pedoman
mana yang benar?? Mana yang harus dipakai??</span></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Mungkin dilema ini
sudah pernah anda alami ketika melakukan uji multikolinearitas. Pada
dasarnya 3 pendapat tesebut bisa dijadikan pedoman. Pilih salah satu saja yang
menurut kita terpercaya, asalkan sumbernya jelas, misal dari buku X atau buku Y
yang pengarangnya sudah kredibel.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sze_SPmhVng/Ulpjo6NQvPI/AAAAAAAABAA/qVseBnWpO1A/s1600/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Deteksi Multikolinearitas dengan VIF dan Tolerance" border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sze_SPmhVng/Ulpjo6NQvPI/AAAAAAAABAA/qVseBnWpO1A/s400/1.jpg" title="Deteksi Multikolinearitas dengan VIF dan Tolerance" width="296" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Kalau menurut
saya pribadi, saya lebih memilih pendapat terakhir, yaitu apabila nilai VIF di
sekitar angka 1 dan <i>tolerance</i>
mendekati 1 maka bebas dari masalah multikolinearitas. Saya mengatakan ini
karena apabila nilai VIF di sekitar angka 1 dan <i>tolerance</i> mendekati 1 maka korelasi antar variabel bebasnya
cenderung kecil.</span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-7491596307634080702013-09-11T19:38:00.003-07:002013-09-11T19:40:00.384-07:00Langkah-langkah Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis)<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2013/09/langkah-langkah-analisis-jalur-path.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">Path analysis</span></i></span></b></span></a><span style="line-height: 150%;"> mempunyai beberapa tahapan. Menurut
Kline (2011) tahapan di dalam <i>path
analysis</i> adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">1. </span><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">Model Specification</span></i></b></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Langkah
pertama adalah membangun model atau <i>path
diagram</i> sesuai dengan kerangka konseptual yang dibuat. Model tersebut
berisi variabel-variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">2. </span><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">Model Identification</span></i></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Setelah <i>path model</i> dibuat, langkah selanjutnya
adalah identifikasi model. Suatu model dapat dikatakan </span><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">identified</span></i><span style="line-height: 150%;"> apabila nilai <i>degree of freedom</i>-nya sama atau lebih
besar dari nol (Lo Choi Tung, 2011). </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">3. </span><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">Model Estimation</span></i></span></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Langkah
ketiga sering disebut dengan uji kecocokan model (<i>goodness of fit</i>). Uji kecocokan model ini berfungsi untuk menguji
kecocokan antara data dengan model yang dibuat.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Tidak
ada pijakan khusus yang bisa digunakan untuk menentukan apakah suatu model <i>fit</i> ataukah tidak, tetapi terdapat
beberapa indikator yang bisa digunakan untuk uji kecocokan model tersebut yang
dikemukakan oleh beberapa ahli.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Seperti
di dalam bukunya Imam Ghozali dan Fuad (2008) indikator yang bisa digunakan
untuk uji kecocokan model misalnya:</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">a. Nilai <i>Chi-Square</i> dan P</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Syarat suatu
model dikatakan <i>fit</i> adalah apabila nilai
probabilitas <i>chi-square</i> tidak
signifikan (lebih besar dari 0,05).</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">b. Nilai
Normed Fit Index (NFI)</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Suatu
model dikatakan fit apabila mempunyai NFI ≥ 0,9.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">c. Nilai
Comparative Fit Index (CFI)</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Model
dikatakan baik apabila memiliki nilai CFI yang mendekati 1.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">d. Dan sebagainya…</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">4. </span><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">Model Modification</span></i></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Langkah
keempat adalah modifikasi model. Langkah ini dilakukan hanya apabila model yang
dibuat tidak lolos dari <i>goodness of fit</i>.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">5. </span><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">Reporting The Results</span></i></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Setelah
model diterima, langkah terakhir adalah pemaparan hasil analisis data, baik itu
pengaruh langsung maupun pengaruh tidak langsung antar variabel di dalam model.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Berikut saya berikan contoh model path analysis<span style="font-size: small;">:</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gHsa5OXmPlI/UjEokMDV__I/AAAAAAAAA7A/4o6JbICxXEM/s1600/1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Langkah-langkah Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis)" border="0" height="187" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gHsa5OXmPlI/UjEokMDV__I/AAAAAAAAA7A/4o6JbICxXEM/s400/1.jpg" title="Langkah-langkah Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis)" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><u><i>Path Diagram</i></u></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-14603364374773053532013-08-26T23:37:00.002-07:002013-08-27T17:20:55.567-07:00Nilai Intersep Regresi Negatif??<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2013/08/nilai-intersep-regresi-negatif.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"><u><b>Intersep</b></u></span></span></a> adalah suatu titik perpotongan antara suatu
garis dengan sumbu Y pada diagram/sumbu kartesius saat nilai X = 0; sedangkan
definisi secara statistika adalah nilai rata-rata pada variabel Y apabila nilai
pada variabel X bernilai 0 (Lukmana, 2012).</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Terkadang dalam olah data statistik, mungkin pada
saat mengerjakan skripsi ataupun tesis, intersep bernilai negatif. Contohnya
sebagai berikut.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Y = -0.973 + 0.456X1 + 0.564X2</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Y = Pretasi Belajar</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">X1 = Motivasi Belajar</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">X2 = Tipologi Belajar</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Intersep sebesar -0.973 secara matematis menyatakan
bahwa apabila nilai X1 dan X2 sama dengan 0 maka nilai Y sama dengan -0.973;
yang berarti bahwa prestasi belajar siswa adalah -0.973. Mungkin kita berpikir
sejenak, mana mungkin prestasi belajar siswa negatif??? Lalu apa yang harus
kita lakukan???</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jangan terlalu cepat putus asa apabila menemui kasus
seperti di atas, karena pada dasarnya intersep tidak selalu harus
diinterpretasikan. Menurut Gujarati (2006) nilai intersep tidak selalu berarti
karena seringkali jangkauan nilai variabel bebas tidak memasukkan nol sebagai
salah satu nilai yang diamati.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nah…mungkin setelah melihat pendapat ahli ekonometri
tersebut (baca: Gujarati) anda sudah bisa tersenyum.hehehe</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jadi nilai intersep tidak harus diinterpretasikan
apabila jangkauan nilai X (baik X1, X2, X2,…Xn) tidak memasukkan angka nol.
Sebagai contoh, variabel X1 di atas tidak mungkin bernilai nol, karena data
untuk variabel X1 diperoleh dari kuesioner/angket yang menggunakan skala likert
(5 opsi jawaban).</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Skala likert yang digunakan untuk kuesioner tidak
memasukkan angka nol, tetapi range 1 – 5, sehingga variabel X1 tidak mungkin
sama dengan 0. Dengan demikian intersep yang bernilai negarif tersebut tidak
perlu diinterpretasikan.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Demikian sedikit pembahasan mengenai intersep yang
bernilai negatif, semoga dapat menambah wawasan kita. Apabila ada masukan atau
saran untuk melengkapi pembahasan ini bisa dikirim ke email <a href="mailto:iro.maruto@gmail.com">iro.maruto@gmail.com</a> atau meninggalkan
comment di bawah.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><u><b>Sumber:</b></u></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Gujarati, D. 2006. <i>Ekonometrika Dasar</i>. Terjemahan Sumarno Zain. Jakarta: Erlangga.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Lukmana, H. B. 2012. Regresi Linier. http://belva.blog.fisip.uns.ac.id</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
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<![endif]-->Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-15747524154157890962012-08-08T22:58:00.000-07:002016-03-31T18:22:21.918-07:00Langkah-langkah Analisis Importance Performance Analysis (IPA)<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan seseorang atas kinerja pihak lain. Kepuasan seseorang tersebut diukur dengan cara membandingkan tingkat harapannya dengan kinerja yang dilakukan pihak lain. Seringkali IPA digunakan oleh perusahaan untuk mengukut kepuasan konsumennya.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Perusahaan membandingkan antara harapan konsumen dengan kinerja yang telah dilakukannya. Apabila tingkat harapannya lebih tinggi daripada kinerja perusahaan berarti konsumen tersebut belum mencapai kepuasan, begitu pula sebaliknya. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Menurut Martinez dalam Ariyoso (2009) menyebutkan bahwa “IPA telah diterima secara umum dan dipergunakan pada berbagai bidang kajian karena kemudahan untuk diterapkan dan tampilan hasil analisa yang memudahkan usulan perbaikan kinerja”. Adapun langkah-langkah analisis IPA adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Mencari Harga Kesesuaian (dengan analisis IPA)</span></b></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Tingkat kesesuaian adalah hasil perbandingan skor kinerja dengan skor kepentingan. Untuk mengetahui apakah kinerja </span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">relathionship marketing pada bisnis multi level marketing IFA</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"> sudah sesuai dengan kepentingan </span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">para membernya</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"> dan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan </span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">para member</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"> ini dianalisis antara kepentingan dan pelayanan riil yang diwakilkan oleh huruf Y dan X, dimana X merupakan tingkat kinerja yang memberikan kepuasan </span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">member IFA</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan Y merupakan tingkat kepentingan </span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">member IFA</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">. Adapun rumus yang digunakan adalah: </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%; position: relative; top: 12pt;"></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">(John Martila and John C. James yang dikutip oleh J. Supranto, 2006: 241).</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Keterangan:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Tki = Tingkat kesesuaian responden.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Xi = Skor penilaian kinerja perusahaan</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Yi = Skor penilaian kepentingan pelanggan</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Sumbu mendatar (X) akan diisi oleh skor tingkat kinerja, sedangkan sumbu tegak (Y) akan diisi oleh skor tingkat kepentingan. Dalam penyederhanaan rumus, maka untuk setiap atribut yang mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen dapat diketahui dengan rumus:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">(J. Supranto, 2006: 241).</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Diagram kartesius digunakan untuk mengetahui indikator jasa pelayanan yang memuaskan atau tidak memuaskan konsumen. Rumus yang digunakan adalah:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="" 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OhofZcOTAr5+fn+/v7h4eGBgYEUCqWjoyMgIEBWZ+RdZqciSIFXOBxOVFSUvb39woULo6KiWlpa8vLyoqKijIyMYmNj9V06MCnQaLSoqKgPP/zQw8MjOTmZzWYfO3bM3t7+448/ntLdkCAFXpORkaF48zkyMnL8Xg8AhxwcHOSjYLe2tu7Zs2eqDw8DKfCa5ORkDw8PhJBYLCYSiampqfouEZh0CASC7JufTqc7OTk1NTXpu0SaghR4TWpqqpOTE4vFCgwMPH36NIz5AZQRCIQbN248fPjQ1dXVMIaKhBR4TVZW1syZM5cvX06hUJR7pwGAEFqzZo2pqSmBQJCNImcAIAVec/LkyW3btgkEAhKJFB0dDf84ECgjEAjl5eVsNtvFxWWi/7ZocoIUeE1KSoq7u7vsdUhIyM8//6zf8oBJiEAg3LlzByHU2trq7Oys+QPRegcp8JqMjIxdu3bJ3x49evTkyZN6LA+YhBwcHB48eCB73dLS4uvrW1VVpd8iaQhS4JXnz58TiURLS0tjY2MikSh7GkI2zJG7u7t6/48IGJjc3FwikTh9+nRHR8eQkBCEEIvFsrGxmTFjBpFInLpXB5ACr3A4nJiYGNmgRjExMbKff9LS0k6dOnXkyBEY/gQghEpLS2NiYlJTU48fP56YmIgQYrFY8jozdYfAhhQAAO8gBQDAO0gBAPAOUgAAvIMUAADvIAUAwDtIAQDwDlIAALyDFAAA7yAFAMA7SAEA8A5SAAC8+3+CNEBwLu/VlAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" /></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">(J. Supranto, 2006: 242).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">dimana, K = Banyaknya atribut/fakta yang dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan</span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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</div>
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<u><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Diagram Kartesius</span></b></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Diagram kartesius digunakan untuk memetakan atibut-atribut kualitas jasa pelayanan pendidikan yang telah dianalisis, dengan gambar sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="" 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" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><u><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Keterangan:</span></b></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">A : Menunjukkan faktor atau atribut yang dianggap mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan, termasuk unsur-unsur jasa yang dianggap sangat penting, namun manajemen belum melaksanakannya sesuai dengan keinginan pelanggan sehingga mengecewakan/tidak puas.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">B : Menunjukkan unsur jasa pokok yang telah berhasil dilaksanakan. Untuk itu wajib dipertahankannya. Dianggap sangat penting dan sangat memuaskan.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">C : Menunjukkan beberapa faktor yang kurang penting pengaruhnya bagi pelanggan. Pelaksanaannya oleh perusahaan biasa-biasa saja. Dianggap kurang penting dan kurang memuaskan.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">D : Menunjukkan faktor yang mempengaruhi pelanggan kurang penting, akan tetapi pelaksanaannya berlebihan. Dianggap kurang penting tetapi sangat memuaskan. (J. Supranto, 2006).</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Untuk menanggapi banyaknya komentar pada artikel ini, saya sudah mem-publish sebuah video tutorial tentang Langkah-langkah Analisis IPA ini. Video tersebut dapat anda lihat pada link di bawah ini:</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://youtu.be/ZY7LBRxbCoA" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/ZY7LBRxbCoA </a></span></span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com347tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-75923435089344279132012-08-07T20:26:00.001-07:002012-08-07T20:29:04.993-07:00Langkah-langkah Uji Wilcoxon<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><u><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hipotesis</span></b></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 21.3pt 70.9pt 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">H<sub>0 </sub>: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen (menggunakan media blog) dengan kelas kontrol (tidak menggunakan media blog).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 21.3pt 70.9pt 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">H<sub>1</sub> : Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen (menggunakan media blog) dengan kelas kontrol (tidak menggunakan media blog)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><u><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taraf Signifikansi (α) = 5%</span></b></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><u><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumus uji wilcoxon</span></b></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><img alt="" 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" /> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterangan:</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">N = jumlah data</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">T = jumlah rangking dari nilai selisish yang negative atau positif</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><u><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kriteria Pengujian</span></b></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">H<sub>0</sub> diterima dan H<sub>1</sub> ditolak apabila nilai probabilitas </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">></span></span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;"> 0,05.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">H<sub>0</sub> ditolak dan H<sub>1</sub> diterima apabila nilai probabilitas </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><</span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;"> 0,05.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suharyadi dan Purwanto S.K. 2004. Statistik untuk Ekonomi dan Keuangan Modern. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-10025441637374469512012-08-02T22:57:00.001-07:002015-06-24T19:28:08.566-07:00Uji Hipotesis Menggunakan Regresi Berganda, Uji F, Uji t, dan Adjusted R Squared<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="SV" style="color: blue;">Menghitung
Pesamaan Garis Regresi Linier Ganda</span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Analisis
Regresi Linear Berganda adalah hubungan secara linier antara dua atau lebih
variabel independen (X1, X2,...Xn) dengan variabel dependen (Y).</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Analisis ini
untuk mengetahui arah hubungan antara variabel independen dengan variabel
dependen apakah masing-masing variabel independen berhubungan positif atau
negatif dan untuk memprediksi nilai dari variabel dependen apabila nilai
variabel independen mengalami kenaikan atau penurunan.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Adapun
contoh persamaan regresi linear berganda adalah:</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Y = a + b1.X1 + b2.X2</span></b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Keterangan:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Y = Variabel Terikat</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">X1 dan X2 = Variabel Bebas</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">a = Intersep</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">b1 dan b2 = konstanta</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Langkah <span style="font-family: inherit;">Mencari Persam<span style="font-family: inherit;">aan Regresi Linear Berganda<span style="font-family: inherit;"> dengan Software IBM SP<span style="font-family: inherit;">SS 21 bisa di<span style="font-family: inherit;">pelajari <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/06/langkah-mencari-persamaan-regresi.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><b>DI SINI!</b></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="SV" style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Uji
F </span> </span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Uji F
digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel bebas secara bersama-sama (simultan)
terhadap variabel terikat. Signifikan berarti hubungan yang terjadi dapat
berlaku untuk populasi.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Penggunaan
tingkat signifikansinya beragam, tergantung keinginan peneliti, yaitu 0,01 (1%)
; 0,05 (5%) dan 0,10 (10%).</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hasil uji F
dilihat dalam tabel ANOVA dalam kolom sig. Sebagai contoh, kita menggunakan taraf signifikansi 5%
(0,05), jika nilai probabilitas < 0,05, maka dapat dikatakan terdapat pengaruh
yang signifikan secara bersama-sama antara variabel bebas terhadap variabel
terikat.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Namun, jika
nilai signifikansi > 0,05 maka tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan secara
bersama-sama antara variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Uji F bisa dilakukan dengan bantuan <i>software </i>SPSS, apabila ingin mempelajari Langkah Uji F dengan <i>Software </i>SPSS 21, silakan klik <b><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/05/langkah-uji-f-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">DI SINI!</span></a></b> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="SV" style="color: blue;">Uji
t</span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Uji t
digunakan untuk menguji secara parsial masing-masing variabel. Hasil uji t
dapat dilihat pada tabel <i>coefficients</i>
pada kolom sig (<i>significance</i>). Jika probabilitas nilai t atau
signifikansi < 0,05, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara
variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat secara parsial.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Namun, jika
probabilitas nilai t atau signifikansi > 0,05, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa
tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara masing-masing variabel bebas terhadap
variabel terikat.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sama halnya dengan Uji F, </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Uji t juga bisa dilakukan dengan bantuan <i>software </i>SPSS, apabila ingin mempelajari Langkah Uji t dengan <i>Software </i>SPSS 21, silakan klik <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/06/tutorial-uji-t-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: red;">DI SINI!!</span></b></a></span> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="SV" style="color: blue;">Koefisien
Determinasi (<i>Adjusted</i> <i>R Square</i>)</span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Uji ini
bertujuan untuk menentukan proporsi atau persentase total variasi dalam
variabel terikat yang diterangkan oleh variabel bebas.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Apabila analisis yang digunakan adalah
regresi sederhana, maka yang digunakan adalah nilai R <i>Square</i>. Namun, apabila
analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi bergenda, maka yang digunakan adalah
<i>Adjusted R Square</i>.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hasil
perhitungan <i>Adjusted R<sup>2</sup></i> dapat dilihat pada output <i>Model
Summary</i>. Pada kolom <i>Adjusted R<sup>2</sup></i> dapat diketahui berapa
persentase yang dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel bebas terhadap variabel
terikat. Sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi atau dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel
lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model penelitian.</span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Langkah mencari Koefisien Determinasi (Adjusted R Square) dengan software IBM SPSS 21 bisa anda lihat <a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/06/langkah-mencari-sumbangan-efektif.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><b>DI SINI!</b></span></a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Contoh:</b></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Apabila
nilai Adjusted R Square adalah 0,54; maka besarnya pengaruh variabel bebas
terhadap variabel terikat adalah 54%, sedangkan sisanya (100 – 54 = 46%)
dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Artikel Terkait:</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/05/langkah-uji-f-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Langkah Uji F dengan SPSS 21</span></a></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/06/tutorial-uji-t-dengan-ibm-spss-21.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Langkah Uji t dengan SPSS 21</span></span></a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/06/langkah-mencari-sumbangan-efektif.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Langkah Mencari Adjus<span style="font-family: inherit;">ted R Square dengan Software IBM SPSS 21</span></span></span></a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span id="goog_1129464360"></span><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2015/06/langkah-mencari-persamaan-regresi.html" target="_blank">Langkah Mencari Persamaan Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Software IBM SPSS 21</a></span></span></span> </span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-6511310162643437452012-07-26T00:20:00.006-07:002016-04-07T20:52:49.677-07:00Macam-macam Angket atau Kuesioner<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam sebuah penelitian, dikenal beberapa instrumen yang
dapat digunakan oleh peneliti untuk mengumpulkan data. Salah satu instrumen
yang sering digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah angket atau kuesioner.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner atau angket dapat dibedakan atas jenis tergantung
dari sudut pandangnya, menurut Suharsimi Arikunto (2006</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: 224</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) angket dibedakan atas:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Dipandang dari cara menjawab</b></span></span></span></div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner terbuka, yang memberi kesempatan kepada responden
untuk menjawab dengan kalimat sendiri.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner tertutup yang sudah disediakan jawabannya sehingga
responden tinggal memilih. Misalnya sudah disediakan kolom (Sangat Setuju,
Setuju, Tidak Setuju, Sangat Tidak Setuju) dan responden tinggal memilih salah
satu dari 5 kolom tersebut).</span></span></li>
</ol>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue; line-height: 150%;">Dipandang dari jawaban yang
diberikan</span></b></span></span></div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner langsung yaitu responden menjawab tentang dirinya
sendiri.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner tidak langsung yaitu jika responden menjawab
tentang orang lain. Misalnya seorang atasan yang diminta mengisi kuesioner
penilaian bawahannya.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue; line-height: 150%;">Dipandang dari bentuknya</span></b></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner
pilihan ganda sama dengan kuesioner tertutup.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner lisan sama dengan kuesioner terbuka.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Check list</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yaitu sebuah daftar dan responden
tinggal membutuhkan tanda check pada kolom yang sesuai.<i> </i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rating scale</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (skala bertingkat) yaitu sebuah
pertanyaan yang diikuti oleh kolom-kolom yang menunjukkan tingkatan-tingkatan,
misalnya mulai dari sangat setuju sampai sangat tidak setuju.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Berikut ini disajikan contoh angket sebuah penelitian:</span></span><br />
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<br />
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
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<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
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mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
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mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
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{mso-style-name:"Table Grid";
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<![endif]-->
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 642px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>No</b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11cm;" valign="top" width="416"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Item
Pernyataan <i>Know-what</i></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>SS</b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>S</b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>TS</b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-image: none; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>STS</b></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11cm;" valign="top" width="416"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="hps">Mata diklat</span> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">kewirausahaan</span></span><span lang="IN"> </span><span class="hps">meningkatkan
pengetahuan saya dalam menghasilkan ide-ide inovatif</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11cm;" valign="top" width="416"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="hps">Mata diklat</span> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">kewirausahaan</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">meningkat</span></span><span class="hps">kan</span> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">pemahaman</span></span><span class="hps"> saya dalam menilai dan memilih lokasi usaha</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11cm;" valign="top" width="416"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="hps">Mata diklat</span> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">kewirausahaan</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">meningkat</span></span><span class="hps">kan
</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN">pemahaman</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">saya</span> </span>dalam <span class="hps">mempersiapkan
keuangan untuk berwirausaha</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4</span></span></div>
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<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11cm;" valign="top" width="416"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="hps">Mata diklat</span> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">kewirausahaan</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">meningkat</span></span><span class="hps">kan
</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN">pemahaman</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">saya</span> </span>dalam menyusun perencanaan
usaha<span class="hps"></span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-image: none; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 11cm;" valign="top" width="416"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="hps">Mata diklat</span> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">kewirausahaan</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">meningkat</span></span><span class="hps">kan
</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN">pemahaman</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">saya</span></span><span class="hps"> tentang
riset pasar untuk berwirausaha</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
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<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
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</tbody></table>
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh kuesioner di atas termasuk dalam kuesioner tertutup, karena kolom jawaban
sudah disediakan di kanan pernyataan. Dipandang dari jawaban yang diberikan
kuesioner tersebut termasuk kuesioner langsung, karena responden menjawab
tentang dirinya sendiri. Dan kuesioner di atas termasuk dalam kuesioner check
list, karena responden mengisi kolom jawaban dengan check list.</span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-87640408195125176362012-07-16T08:56:00.003-07:002013-10-07T19:20:23.836-07:00Uji Asumsi Klasik<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Dalam melakukan analisis data kuantitatif seringkali kita menggunakan uji persyaratan analisis. Dalam artikel ini akan dibahas tentang persyaratan uji analisis untuk Regresi Berganda yang juga sering disebut dengan istilah Uji Asumsi Klasik. Menurut Damodar Gujarati (2006) agar model regresi tidak bias atau agar model regresi BLUE (<i>Best Linear Unbiased Estimator</i>) maka perlu dilakukan uji asumsi klasik terlebih dahulu. Uji persyaratan analisis untuk regresi berganda yang sering digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Uji Normalitas</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Uji normalitas dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui apakah data berdistribusi normal atau tidak berdistribusi normal.</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Dalam penelitian ini uji normalitas dilakukan dengan mengamati penyebaran data pada sumbu diagonal suatu grafik</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Singgih Santoso (2001) </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">ketentuannya adalah sebagai berikut</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Jika data menyebar di sekitar garis diagonal dan mengikuti arah garis diagonal, maka model regresi memenuhi asumsi normalitas.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Jika data menyebar jauh dari garis diagonal dan atau tidak mengikuti garis diagonal, maka regresi tidak memenuhi asumsi normalitas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Multikolinearitas</span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Multikolinieritas </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">digunakan</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> untuk menguji suatu model apakah terjadi hubungan yang sempurna atau hampir sempurna antara variabel bebas, sehingga sulit untuk memisahkan pengaruh antara variabel-variabel itu secara individu terhadap variabel terikat. Pengujian ini untuk mengetahui apakah antar variabel bebas dalam persamaan regresi tersebut tidak saling berkorelasi. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Untuk mendeteksi multikolinieritas</span><span lang="FI" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">adalah dengan melihat nilai <i>tolerance </i>dan</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">nilai <i>Variance Inflation Factor </i>(VIF),</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">di mana menurut Hair et al dalam Duwi Priyatno (2009) variabel dikatakan mempunyai masalah multikolinearitas apabila nilai <i>tolerance</i> lebih kecil dari 0,1 atau nilai VIF lebih besar dari 10.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Heteroskedastisitas</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Uji heteroskedastisitas digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah terjadi penyimpangan model karena gangguan varian yang berbeda antar observasi satu ke observasi lain.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> Pengujian heteroskedastisitas </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">dilakukan dengan mengamati grafik <i>scatter plot </i>pada <i>output</i> SPSS, dimana </span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">menurut Duwi Priyatno (2009) </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">ketentuannya adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<ul style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">
<li><span lang="IN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Jika titik-titiknya membentuk pola tertentu yang teratur </span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">maka diindikasikan terdapat masalah heteroskedastisitas</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<li><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Jika tidak ada pola yang jelas, serta titik-titiknya menyebar di atas dan di bawah angka 0 pada sumbu Y, maka diindikasikan tidak terdapat masalah heterokedastisitas</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Autokorelasi</span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Autokorelasi digunakan untuk menguji suatu model apakah antara </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">v</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">ariabel pengganggu masing-masing variabel bebas saling mempengaruhi. Untuk mengetahui apakah pada model regresi mengandung autokorelasi dapat digunakan pendekatan D-W (Durbin Watson). Menurut Singgih Santoso (2001) kriteria autokorelasi ada 3, yaitu:</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Nilai </span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">D-W di bawah -2 berarti diindikasikan ada autokorelasi positif.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Nilai</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> D-W di antara -2 sampai 2 berarti diindikasikan tidak ada autokorelasi.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Nilai</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> D-W di atas 2 berarti diindikasikan ada autokorelasi negatif.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Uji Linearitas</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Uji Linieritas digunakan untuk mendeteksi adanya hubungan linier antara variabel X dan Y yang bisa dilakukan, sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-EC" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="ES-EC" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Plot antara residu (e) versus Y-topi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-EC" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Jika plot yang bersangkutan menggambarkan suatu scatter diagram (diagram pencar) dalam arti tidak berpola maka dapat dikatakan tidak terjadi mispesifikasi pada fungsi regresi, hal ini bararti bahwa hubungan antara variabal X dan Y adalah linier.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="ES-EC" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="ES-EC" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Plot antara variabel X versus Y</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-EC" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Jika plot menggambarkan garis lurus maka asumsi pertama ini telah terpenuhi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="ES-EC" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="ES-EC" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Plot antara residu versus X</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Jika plot </span><span lang="ES-EC" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">menggambarkan</span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> diagram pencar maka linieritas ini sudah terpenuhi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">(Siswandari, 2000:28)</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-250159449017075035.post-17919494011233978222012-03-14T01:50:00.002-07:002014-04-16T17:08:43.701-07:00Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Kuesioner<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2012/03/uji-validitas-dan-reliabilitas.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas</span></span></a>, tentunya kedua uji ini sudah tidak asing di telinga
mahasiswa, khususnya yang sedang sibuk mengerjakan skripsi atau tesis
kuantitatif.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Yup,
Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas digunakan ketika seorang peneliti tengah
melakukan uji coba (<i>try out</i>) kuesioner atau angket untuk penelitian. Biasanya
dikenakan pada minimal 30 orang responden di luar sampel.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Namun, bagi yang belum mengetahui tentang </span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas tersebut, akan kami coba jelaskan dalam artikel ini. Barangkali bisa bermanfaat bagi yang sedang atau akan mengerjakan penelitian ilmiah untuk skripsi atau tesis kuantitatif.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Baik,
untuk lebih jelasnya, mari kita bahas satu per satu:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Uji Validitas</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Uji
validitas dilakukan untuk memastikan seberapa baik suatu instrumen digunakan
untuk mengukur konsep yang seharusnya diukur. Menurut Sugiono (2010) untuk
menguji validitas konstruk dilakukan dengan cara mengkorelasikan antara skor
butir pertanyaan dengan skor totalnya.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Rumus
yang digunakan untuk menguji validitas instrumen ini adalah Product Moment dari
Karl Pearson, sebagai berikut:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Kemudian
hasil dari rxy dikonsultasikan dengan harga kritis product moment (r tabel),
apabila hasil yang diperoleh rhitung > rtabel, maka instrumen tersebut
valid.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Dalam
praktiknya untuk menguji validitas kuesioner sering menggunakan bantuan <i>software</i> Microsoft Office Excel dan
Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS).</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Uji Reliabilitas</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Suharsimi
Arikunto (2006: 154) menyatakan “Reliabilitas menunjuk pada suatu pengertian
bahwa sesuatu instrumen cukup dapat dipercaya untuk digunakan sebagai alat
pengumpul data karena instrumen tersebut sudah baik”.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Reliabilitas
berkenaan dengan tingkat keajegan atau ketetapan hasil pengukuran (Nana Syaodih
Sukmadinata, 2009). Kuesioner dikatakan reliabel jika dapat memberikan hasil
relatif sama (<i>ajeg</i>) pada saat
dilakukan pengukuran kembali pada obyek yang berlainan pada waktu yang berbeda
atau memberikan hasil yang tetap.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Uji reliabilitas dilakukan
dengan rumus <i>cronbach</i> <i>alpha </i>sebagai berikut:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Apabila
koefisien <i>Cronbach Alpha</i> (r<sub>11</sub>)
≥ 0,7 maka dapat dikatakan instrumen tersebut reliabel (Johnson &
Christensen, 2012).</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Sama halnya dengan Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas juga dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan <i>software</i> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Microsoft Office Excel dan
Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). Namun, memang lebih mudah dan praktis jika menggunakan <i>software </i>SPSS.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">Baca Juga:</span></span></b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/04/langkah-uji-validitas-kuesioner-angket.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">1. Langkah-langkah Uji Validitas dengan <i>Software</i> Ms. Excel 2013 </span></span></a></span></span></span> </span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://dataolah.blogspot.com/2014/04/langkah-langkah-uji-validitas-dengan.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. Langkah-langkah Uji Validitas dengan <i>Software</i> SPSS</span></span></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Referensi:</span></span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></div>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Johnson,
B and Christensen, L. 2012. <i>Educational
Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches</i>. London: SAGE
Publications, Inc.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Nana
Syaodih Sukmadinata. 2009. <i>Metode
Penelitian Pendidikan</i>. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Sugiyono.
2010. <i>Metode Penelitian Pendidikan</i>.
Bandung: Alfabeta.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Suharsimi
Arikunto. 2006. <i>Prosedur Penelitian Suatu
Pendekatan Praktik</i>. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></li>
</ol>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
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<![endif]-->Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6